Human Rights for Native Americans Trampled throughout History

America is, and was, never as equal as we like to think. Most of that comes from us, as humans, thinking that we are superior to other races, genders, or groups of people in general. First we had issues with how we treated the Native Americans when the colonists arrived. Yes the colonists tried to have as little conflict as possible, when they came over to settle this new land, they saw the Natives as â€Å"savages†. From then on, we used them as slaves, which progressed into slavery of other races, Hispanics, Africa-Americans, and even our own race, simply because they were not as rich or as high on the social ladder. Eventually they broke free of those reins, but we still had issues. Starting in the early to mid-1800s, people began to try and take the land, which they thought was theirs because they were ignorant, that the Native Americans had owned for who knows how long. The same land that they had grown up on. The same land that their ancestors had lived on for so long, a nd where they buried their dead. When Andrew Jackson came to office, the poor Cherokee’s, among other tribes, world came crashing down on top of them, as they were removed from their land, and taken on a trip, which became known as the trail of tears, or â€Å"The Trail that we cried on.† The trail itself led them to the Indian Containment Zone, or the â€Å"ICZ†, in present day Arizona. In that time frame, Andrew Jackson; a long supporter of the Indian removal act, among the many citizens of the United States,Show MoreRelatedThe United States Of America1407 Words   |  6 Pagesrichly diverse history that cannot be summarized even in a million books, slides or videos. The reason supporting this argument range from the broad diversity in culture encompassing so many tribes and ethnic groups to the variation in skin formations guiding the country. The story started when Columbus sailed to virgin territories and activated a massive migration schedule from Europea n countries. What happened next was a scramble of the fertile lands that make the entire American continent fromRead MoreThe Death Of Their Cultures1806 Words   |  8 PagesNASX 205 2 May 2017 The Death of their Cultures Americans often picture their historic relationship with the Native Americans as one that involved a feast on what is known as the first Thanksgiving. Most history books forget to mention the moments where Native Americans had to fight for their land, rights, and lives. Throughout history, many scenes are filled with European settlers and early Americans annihilating entire tribes of Natives. Later, Americans filled their heads with greed and would shedRead More Cleopatra: A Sign of the Times Essay3711 Words   |  15 Pagesnation or people, did in her time fear two human beings; one was Hannibal, and the other was a woman (Lefkowitz 126). Abstract Cleopatra VII, the last reigning queen of Egypt, has intrigued us for centuries. Her story is one that has been told many times, and the many different and vastly varied representations of her and her story are solely based on the ways in which men and society have perceived women and their role in society throughout history. By looking at the perceptions of women startingRead MoreCleopatra- A sign of times Essay3679 Words   |  15 Pagesnation or people, did in her time fear two human beings; one was Hannibal, and the other was a woman (Lefkowitz 126). Abstract Cleopatra VII, the last reigning queen of Egypt, has intrigued us for centuries. Her story is one that has been told many times, and the many different and vastly varied representations of her and her story are solely based on the ways in which men and society have perceived women and their role in society throughout history. By looking at the perceptions of women startingRead MoreThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow - Summary and Analysis11462 Words   |  46 Pagesis presented. This is a lesson for some literary critics and professors who lose the joy of reading in the course of minute interpretation. The Power of Imagination The power of imagination is very prominent in â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† and throughout Crayon’s collection as a whole. In â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,† Ichabod is a rather comedic and foolish protagonist. This comes, largely, from the strength of his imagination, and this leads to his downfall. Ichabod’s primary enjoyment is readingRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 PagesTamir Bar-On. Introduction: In Latin America, soccer is not a game; it is a way of life. It is mixed in with politics and nationalism. It defines social classes. How politically influential is soccer in Latin America? It is used by â€Å"various Latin American socio-economic elites in order to retard the acceleration of working class and popular discontent† (Bar-On 1997:1.8). Is it then not intriguing that women play no part in the scheme of things? I can immediately off the top of my head name at leastRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesSemiotics of the Cinema Christian Metz Translated by Michael Taylor The University of Chicago Press Published by arrangement with Oxford University Press, Inc. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637  © 1974 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. English translation. Originally published 1974 Note on Translation  © 1991 by the University of Chicago University of Chicago Press edition 1991 Printed in the United States of America 09 08 07 6 7 8 9 10 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

The War on Drugs Essay - 1507 Words

Despite an estimated $1 trillion spent by the United States on the â€Å"War on Drugs†, statistics from the US Department of Justice (2010) has confirmed that the usage of drugs has not changed over the past 10 years. Approximately $350 billion is spent per year on the â€Å"war on drugs†, only $7 billion is spent on prevention programs by the federal government. The war on drugs is more heavily focused on how to fight crime, instead of how to prevent it. Crime prevention methods may not be immediate, but it is the most efficient and effective long-term. Not only is the war on drugs costly, it is also ineffective at reducing or eliminating trade and usage. The â€Å"War on Drugs† campaign has been unsuccessful in preventing the illegal drug trade. As a†¦show more content†¦There is a strong correlation that when drug enforcement spending goes up, so does drug related violence shown on various charts from the International Centre for Science in Drug Polic y. In terms of social control, as the government becomes â€Å"harder on crime†, middle and upper class citizens feel at ease to conform to these rules and laws (O’Grady, 2007). This puts them on a never-ending spiral and allows them to feel mass amounts of strain leading to crime. When a â€Å"criminal† does not have the legitimate means (such as a job) to acquire a culturally defined goal (such as money), they are limited; therefore engaging in crime and refuting the stats quo in order to obtain the necessary means to survive. (Witt, 2009) As the government punishes the lower class by taking away the very little possessions that they barely have, they will only continue to act as criminal, if not act more criminal just to make ends meet. The war on drugs isn’t making any permanent improvement. It is simply forcing those involved in crime to do so in an organized manner while society remains unnecessarily impoverished. The war on drugs is not taking into account the ways in which deviancy works and how drug punishments are causing more social harm every day. Dealing and/or doing drugs is a way criminals cope when feeling lost of their control and isolation (alienation) and whenShow MoreRelatedThe Drug War On Drugs1378 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-violent drug charges. These people’s lives are now forever changed because of a mistake they made. This mistake is continually made every single day and Americans are being punished in extreme ways for a non violent crime. The United States needs to decimalize all drugs because the drug war is costly, causes high incarceration rates, and isn’t effective as European drug solutions. In the 20th century, the United States government led a major renewed surge in drug prohibition called the War on DrugsRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesThe war on drugs have been a critical issue that has repeatedly held a great debate topic. It was in the 1906 when the first act against drug was put into effect with the Pure Food and Drug Act which required all over-the-counter medication to have label of its ingredients. Under President Nixon the first executive branch office to coordinate drug policy was formed and the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act was put into place. Two years following that the Drug Enforcement AgencyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe War on Drugs Despite an estimated $1 trillion spent by the United States on the â€Å"War on Drugs†, statistics from the US Department of Justice (2010) has confirmed that the usage of drugs has not changed over the past 10 years. Approximately $350 billion is spent per year on the â€Å"war on drugs†, only $7 billion is spent on prevention programs by the federal government. The war on drugs is more heavily focused on how to control crime, instead of how to prevent it. Not only is the war on drugs costlyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Drug has been a serious issue in our society and criminal justice institutes due to many problems associated, including the violence, negative health benefits, social disorganization, and other negative consequences. The police agencies have adopted a policy called â€Å"The War on Drugs†, as a response to the rising drug problems. The War on Drugs has popularized variety policies and practices that significantly increased the overall number of drug arrests, and other drug related offenses(TheRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1199 Words   |  5 PagesThere was so much information on this topic of the War on Drugs that I am still wrapping my mind around it. It went into such detail about the war on drugs that are never talked about. We always hear â€Å"just say no.† I know that drugs are a very big problem in our society and even the whole world but I never knew to what extent it really was. I found it very interesting how Johann Hari interviewed these people who were in the middle of the drug war and their stories. It really opened my eyes to whatRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs808 Words   |  4 PagesWhose interests are advanced by sustaining the war on drugs? Police seems to gain a lot by sustaining the â€Å"war on drug†. Drugs are a significant force in police deviance, with as many as half of all convictions in police corruption cases involving drug-related crimes. Corruption in law enforcement, courts, and corrections can be explained through egoism selfish desires for personal gain. In other cases, however, corruption might be better understood as stemming from socially hedonistic incentives;Read MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1821 Words   |  8 PagesThe war on drugs is a long going battle and it has created many issues all around the world and as of today the highest prison population can be found in the United States due to drug charges. About half of the inmates with in federal and state prisons can be found on drug convictions. Those charges can range from possession of an illicit substance to drug trafficking that surprisingly continues to be an issue in federal and state prisons. How can United States put an end to t he war on drugs? Read MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs2027 Words   |  9 Pagesincreased federal spending in an attempt to curb the number of drug users and the sale and importation of illicit narcotics the war on drugs began in earnest. The war on drugs has also played a major role in politics as well as having a significant impact on the economy. While there are many arguments in favor for the war on drugs and an equal number of arguments against it I will attempt to show an unbiased look at the war on drugs and drug prohibition and how it has affected society as a whole. SinceRead MoreWar On Drugs And Drugs1952 Words   |  8 PagesWar on Drugs The war on drugs has come a long way without any remarkable success. America has been dealing with the drug menace for many years to a point that four of its presidents have declared the war on drugs part of their main agenda. Sadly, it has been a lost war in various perspectives. Drug abuse continues to be a daily topic with drug abusers flooding not only the American society but also many countries’ hospitals, prisons and courts. The drug trade has continued to cause violent crimesRead MoreThe Drug War On Drugs Essay2030 Words   |  9 Pagesthe â€Å"War on Drugs† sought to control the sale and use of psychoactive drugs as well as promote access to treatment for those who abuse and misuse these substances (Bagley, 1988; Elkins, 1990). Policies implemented prohibited the possession and distribution of narcotics (e.g. marijuana, cocaine, heroin); the punitive policies, which often resulted in hefty fines and prison sentences for violators, ultimately prompted the emer gence of a black market, more potent and lethal drugs, synthetic drugs as well

Free Essay about Ethical Issues Of Employers

Question: Write an essay on "Ethical Issues of Employers". Answer: Self Reflection: Each person has own ethics that induce him to work in his way. Nowadays, the ethical dilemma at the workplace has been growing. I think conflicts influence to create ethical dilemma at the workplace. Hence, it can be assessed that ethical dilemma is a major issue in the workplace. Few days ago, I faced an ethical dilemma at my workplace. There are several types of ethical issues of employers including favoritism, sexual harassment, terminating employees without any notice and delaying in payment. On the other hand, employees are also responsible for making ethical dilemma in the workplace. In recent days, my managers and higher authority have shown favoritism at the workplace, and many staffs of the company have noticed it. The manager of the organization always favors his friends who have been working with other employees. Moreover, the manager does not take any responsibility for sexual harassment at the organization. Hence, is harms the work culture. On the other hand, most employees have been resigning from the particular organization. Consequently, it is responsible for decreasing the productivity in the business. Nowadays, social media is one of the powerful media that allows us to transmit any message globally. I have posted about the managers behaviors on the social media platform so that job seekers and other employees could be aware of this fact in an effective manner. However, my manager has noticed the particular message and asked me to meet him personally. On the next day, the manager terminates me without providing any reason for doing the same. Although the higher management knew about my unnecessary termination, they did not even ask me for the reason. I could have clarified all details to the manager and the human resource management about the particular situation. However, they did not allow me to provide the information about the mangers behaviors and his unethical practices at the workplace. The human resource management of the organization has unnecessarily terminated me for the company. I think it is an ethical dilemma of the employer, as they did not take appropriate action a gainst the manager. Each organization maintains its ethics in order to uphold a healthy work design at the workplace. Sometimes, employees are also responsible for conducting ethical dilemma of the business, and the organization takes action against that individual to maintain proper work design in the business. On the contrary, if the employer conducts ethical issues on the employees, then they are not treated as guilty. Consequently, it damages the work environment and workers often become de-motivated due to these unethical practices. Most business analyst discusses the consequences of ethical issues executed by employers. Through the engagement of conducting the ethical issues, organizations often fail to experience profitable growth in the business. I consider it as an indication of huge risk factor that could damage the organizations value in the global market. I think it is also responsible for diminishing the brand value of the business in the marketplace. Hence, it can be assessed that each dep artment of the organization needs to take the responsibility to get rid of this particular issue in an effective manner. Literature review: Avey, Palanski and Walumbwa (2011) have discussed that ethical leadership consists of ethical beliefs and values that allow the employees to retain their rights and dignity in an effective manner. True leaders are aware of the values of ethical approaches and recognize the importance of conducting ethical behavior at the workplace. On the other hand, Abdul-Rahman, Wang and Yap (2010) have argued that approaches of ethical leadership needs to be shown in the business. Employees expectation is one of the major factors that influence the ethical leaders for implementing the right approach in the business. Avey, Wernsing and Palanski (2012) has discussed that the ethical leadership facilitates the organization to obtain sustainable growth in the industry. It has a tremendous impact on the employees achievement in the organization. Ethical leaders not only improve the business culture but also contribute to creating differences in the world. Effective leaders focus on the necessity of the employees in order to motivate them for providing enhanced performance in the business. Banks and Nhr (2013) have argued that the leaders need to take some actions in order to implement ethical approaches in the business. Ethical leaders need to face the complexity included in making ethical choices. Ethical leaders investigate the key development areas of the business and according to that; they implement the ethical approach in the business. The prime motive of ethical leaders is to evaluate the complexity of work life (Banks 2012). It facilitates to retain a proper work design at the workplace. On the other hand, (Ciulla, Martin and Solomon 2011) has argued that ethical leaders articulate and exemplify the purpose and values of the business. Negative interpersonal behaviors may create difficulties for the ethical leaders as it does not help to encourage employees in the business. Sometimes, ethical leaders often contribute huge success in the business by cultivating respectful e nvironment at the workplace. Gray and Webb (2010) have discussed that load-bearing work culture indicates an ethical issue of the employer, and it is responsible for diminishing the brand values across the global platform. On the other hand, with the involvement of ethical culture, organization enhances its customers base in the market. Kacmar et al (2011) have discussed that ethical leaders are committed to reducing the ethical dilemma from the business so that employees obtain social justice in an effective manner. However, the management should regard the leaders if the business in order to motivate them for providing enhanced performance in the business. By analyzing the action of the ethical leaders, it can be assessed that the organization enhances the productivity of the business in an effective manner. Kalshoven et al. (2011) have argued that the most effective method of enhancing the productivity is that the leaders must select the right people for conducting the business in an effective manner. Skill development facilitates employees to improve their individual performance in the business. Ethical leaders are always responsible for evaluating and developing the right talent for the business. On the contrary, Kim and Brymer (2011) have argued that talent crisis often creates difficulties for managing true performers for the organization. Many CEOs have agreed with the fact that judging employees integrity is far more important than identifying their experiences and skills on a particular task. Levy and Slavin (2013) have discussed that focusing on the organizational success is more important than carrying personal ego. Ethical l eaders are aware of their place within the larger network of stakeholders and constituents. Moreover, the ethical leaders value the efforts of employees and other staffs for achieving the organizational goal and objectives. For example, in 1998, Roger Enrico, the former chairman and CEO of PepsiCo decided to forego all except $1 of his salary, in order to contribute to a scholarship fund for employees children. It indicates an ethical decision of the leaders that motivates employees for enhancing performance in the business. Consequently, it facilitates organization to experience profitable growth in the global market. Mahsud, Yukl, and Prussia (2010) have discussed the process of becoming an ethical leader in the organization. To become ethical leaders the individual needs to maintain some values and principles of the business. Employees feedback is one of the important parts of judging the leaders. Hence, ethical leaders need to accumulate the peers response along with the subordinate views. It indeed facilitates leaders to evaluate the key development area in the leadership trait. On the other hand, Mayer et al. (2012) have discussed that proper mechanism and processes have to be designed by the leaders in order to implement ethical approaches in the business. it is very important for the leaders to uphold open communication with employees and other staffs at the workplace in order to clarify the goals and objectives of the business in an effective manner. Piccolo et al. (2010) have argued that the management of the business also has responsibilities to provide enhanced learning and training ses sion to leaders for developing their interpersonal skills. Moreover, training and development process would facilitate them to take right decisions in a business crisis. Hence, it indicates the ethical approach of employers providing such knowledge and development program to their leaders. There are five benefits of the ethical leadership such as reducing business liability, facilitate to make the right decision, assuring high-quality customer service, preventing costly administrative errors and rework and consistently increases the bottom line. Reamer, F.G., (2013) has discussed the impact of ethical leadership in the business. The prime advantage of ethical leadership indicates the process of building customer loyalty. Loyal customers base is responsible for expanding the business in large demographic areas. Ethical behavior facilitates the organization to enhance brand popularity in the global platform. Second, the ethical practice in the business contributes in retaining good employees in the business for a long period. Schaubroeck et al. (2012) have highlighted that fact that positive work environment and avoiding legal problems are major outcomes of the ethical leadership practices in the business. On the contrary, ethical leadership faces several challenges in o rder to implement appropriate ethical approaches in the business. By discussing the challenges of ethical leadership, it can be assessed that consistency is the major challenge for leaders in the business. Dimotakis and Peng (2012) have discussed that ethical leaders often face difficulties in adhering the rules consistently within the organization. Moreover, policies make a differentiation in the business. Sometimes, leaders face difficulties in implementing right policies in the business to obtain a profitable outcome. Shapiro and Stefkovich (2016) have argued that ethical leadership can be difficult dealing with gray areas. In this scenario, the right thing could be less beneficial to the businesss bottom line. The safety regulation has facilitated the business to maintain a proper work design in the business. Therefore, it can be assessed that ethical behavior in business enables businesss productivity in an effective manner. Customers loyalty, retaining good employees, and main taining positive work environment are the major outcomes of the ethical leadership practicing. Shin (2012) has discussed that ethical leadership facilitates in enhancing the strategic advantages in the business. Proactive business always focuses on the ethical practices at the workplace for enhancing the business opportunity in an effective manner. Application exercise: By analyzing above two discussions, it can be identified that the ethical leadership is one of the major aspects of the business that facilitates the organization to experience profitable outcome in an effective manner. There are huge challenges for the leaders for maintaining accurate work design in the business. However, Walumbwa et al. (2011) have argued that ethical leaders are not always responsible for implementing proper work culture in the organization. Sometimes, the higher management of the organization avoids their responsibilities to engage proper work design at the workplace. It has been seen that the higher management often fails to monitor their work culture within the organization, as the monitoring system enables leaders and management to identify the challenges of the system. Ethical failures indicate major risk for the organization, as it is responsible for downsizing the business in the global market. In recent years, the global industry has experienced several ethical failures in the business. Consequently, the productivity of the business has decreased a lot. The modern corporate culture allows the leaders to implement major decisions in the business in order to enhance its performance in an appropriate manner. However, leaders often make bias decisions in the organization, and it affects the work culture. Yeh and Xu (2010) have argued that ethical leaders need to be aware of the organizational values and culture. The effective leaders are responsible for retaining the standard of the business in the global platform. In this scenario, the particular organization needs to follow the ethical practices in order to retain employees. By analyzing the 2.1 (self-reflection), it can be assessed that the particular organization needs to get rid of this ethical dilemma in order to retain employees in the organization. On that particular case study, the leader in the organization follows favoritism. Moreover, the leader is responsible for the unnecessary termination of the employees. Consequently, it makes a negative impact on the brand value of the business. Banks and Nhr (2013) have discussed that not only the ethical leaders are responsible for diminishing the ethical issues but also the human resource management needs to focus on implementing right approaches in the business. In the particular scenario, the management has terminated the employee based on a message posted on the social media platform. Hence, it indicates the ethical dilemma in the business. On the other hand, the management has never taken any serious action against the ineffective leaders. Consequently, the organization has been facing challenges i n retaining employees in the business. By analyzing the 2.2 (Literature Review), it can be assessed that ethical leadership has huge importance in the business, as it facilitates the organization to enhance its productivity in the business. In the literature review, the important actions of the ethical leadership have been discussed in an effective manner. Banks (2012) has discussed the role of ethical leadership in the business. By analyzing the literature review, it can be identified that the leaders often face difficulties in maintaining consistency of particular rules and regulations. On the other hand, Gray and Webb (2010) have highlighted the fact that adhering to rules is one of the important tasks for the leaders in order to bring sustainability growth in the business. In this context, the particular organization could have implemented appropriate rules for the employees and leaders for maintaining a proper work design within the workplace. Through the engagement of analyzing the particular study, it can be identi fied that besides employees, employers are also required to review on their ethical dilemma in order to maintain the healthy work environment in the business. Consequently, it facilitates to expand the business in the larger demographic area. Kalshoven et al. (2011) has argued that policy implementation is one of the major aspects of an ethical dilemma. If the management of the organization does not implement appropriate policy in the business, then they can face challenges in managing sustainable work design at the workplace. Kim and Brymer (2011) have discussed that the involvement of ethical practices in the organization is responsible for obtaining proper growth in the global platform. The literature review highlights the fact that ethical dilemma causes awful work culture in the organization. Ethical leadership is responsible for identifying the key developing areas in the business. It is a kind of challenge for leaders to uphold workplace culture and environment, as the oppressive work environment creates difficulties for the staffs and employees to provide enhanced performance in the business. In the literature review, several authors have provided a brief discussion on the ethical leadership and its impacts on the business. Moreover, the self-reflection section has highlighted an example of ethical dilemma in the organization. Through the engagement of employing ethical leadership, organization diminishes the ethical issues from the business. Furthermore, the organization could review the potentiality of their ethical leadership for avoiding the work culture issues in an effective manner. In the literature section, authors have discussed the outcome of ethical leadership in the business. As per the review section, it can be assessed that the ethical practice facilitates the organization to avoid legal issues from the business. Hence, the business could make an enhanced brand image in the global platform by engaging ethical leaders in the business. References: Abdul-Rahman, H., Wang, C. and Yap, X.W., 2010. How professional ethics impact construction quality: Perception and evidence in a fast developing economy.Scientific Research and Essays,5(23), pp.3742-3749. Avey, J.B., Palanski, M.E. and Walumbwa, F.O., 2011. When leadership goes unnoticed: The moderating role of follower self-esteem on the relationship between ethical leadership and follower behavior.Journal of Business Ethics,98(4), pp.573-582. Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S. and Palanski, M.E., 2012. Exploring the process of ethical leadership: The mediating role of employee voice and psychological ownership.Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), pp.21-34. Banks, S. and Nhr, K. eds., 2013.Practising social work ethics around the world: cases and commentaries. Routledge. Banks, S., 2012.Ethical issues in youth work. Routledge. Ciulla, J.B., Martin, C.W. and Solomon, R.C., 2011. Honest work: A business ethics reader. Gray, M. and Webb, S.A. eds., 2010.Ethics and value perspectives in social work. Palgrave Macmillan. Kacmar, K.M., Bachrach, D.G., Harris, K.J. and Zivnuska, S., 2011. Fostering good citizenship through ethical leadership: exploring the moderating role of gender and organizational politics.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(3), p.633. Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D.N. and De Hoogh, A.H., 2011. Ethical leadership at work questionnaire (ELW): Development and validation of a multidimensional measure.The Leadership Quarterly,22(1), pp.51-69. Kim, W.G. and Brymer, R.A., 2011. The effects of ethical leadership on manager job satisfaction, commitment, behavioral outcomes, and firm performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,30(4), pp.1020-1026. Levy, C.S. and Slavin, S., 2013.Social work ethics on the line. Routledge. Mahsud, R., Yukl, G. and Prussia, G., 2010. Leader empathy, ethical leadership, and relations-oriented behaviors as antecedents of leader-member exchange quality.Journal of Managerial Psychology,25(6), pp.561-577. Mayer, D.M., Aquino, K., Greenbaum, R.L. and Kuenzi, M., 2012. Who displays ethical leadership, and why does it matter? An examination of antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership.Academy of Management Journal,55(1), pp.151-171. Piccolo, R.F., Greenbaum, R., Hartog, D.N.D. and Folger, R., 2010. The relationship between ethical leadership and core job characteristics.Journal of Organizational Behavior,31(2 3), pp.259-278. Reamer, F.G., 2013.Social work values and ethics. Columbia University Press. Schaubroeck, J.M., Hannah, S.T., Avolio, B.J., Kozlowski, S.W., Lord, R.G., Trevio, L.K., Dimotakis, N. and Peng, A.C., 2012. Embedding ethical leadership within and across organization levels.Academy of Management Journal,55(5), pp.1053-1078. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Shin, Y., 2012. CEO ethical leadership, ethical climate, climate strength, and collective organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Business Ethics,108(3), pp.299-312. Walumbwa, F.O., Mayer, D.M., Wang, P., Wang, H., Workman, K. and Christensen, A.L., 2011. Linking ethical leadership to employee performance: The roles of leadermember exchange, self-efficacy, and organizational identification.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,115(2), pp.204-213. Yeh, Q.J. and Xu, X., 2010. The effect of Confucian work ethics on learning about science and technology knowledge and morality.Journal of Business Ethics,95(1), pp.111-128.